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The communities of Fargo and Moorhead now spend more than $195 million annually for flood damage.

In the spring of 2009, the river reached its highest level in recorded history and crested at 40.82 feet (12.44 meters). In the spring of 1997, a major flood caused $3.5 billion in damage and required temporary evacuation of towns and cities on both sides of the border. In recent decades, however, floods have become more frequent and more severe. More than 85 percent of the wetlands in the Minnesota portion of the Basin have been drained, including 28,000 miles of ditches, and significant wetland destruction has also occurred in North Dakota.įargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota, have always been threatened by flooding from the Red River. These wetlands, which once soaked up thousands of acre-feet of water, have been ditched for agricultural production. Flooding is further exacerbated due to a combination of a changing climate and the drainage of thousands of prairie wetlands. To make matters worse, because the river flows north, snowmelt farther south is dammed by river ice and deposited on top of already saturated and frozen ground. In years with exceptionally heavy snows or spring rains, the Red River swells and catastrophic floods result. Plenty of furbearers, mourning doves, partridges, turkeys, squirrels, and rabbits also inhabit the river region. There are large numbers of pheasants, migrating waterfowl, and white-tailed deer. Other fish species include muskellunge, northern pike, smallmouth bass, fresh-water drum, sauger, bullheads, walleye, goldeye, mooneye, carp, and lake sturgeon. The Red River is internationally known for its trophy-size channel catfish. Winter snowfalls create a haven for cross-country skiing, sledding, tobogganing, snowmobiling, and even snowshoeing. Fall brings countless prospects for hunting enthusiasts, who come for big and small game. Spring and summer offer endless opportunities for canoers, kayakers, bird-watchers, and anglers. The Red River Valley is a recreational paradise. It is approximately 550 miles (885 kilometers) long, which is nearly double the straight-line distance, and only falls 230 feet (370 kilometers) along its entire route-a slow-moving river that gently meanders along silty bottomlands. The river flows north through the Red River Valley and empties into Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada.

The Red River of the North (Red River), in part, forms the boundary between North Dakota and Minnesota.

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